Keys to Understanding and Preventing Suicidal Behavior in Older Adults with Depression

A team examines the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in older adults with depression and the impact of treatments on its progression

Suicide in older adults is an increasingly significant public health issue. According to a systematic review conducted by Verónica Fernández-Rodríguez and collaborators, older adults with depression are at a significantly higher risk of developing suicidal behaviors, including ideation, attempts, and completed suicide. The study, which analyzed research published since 2000, investigated how sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors contribute to this risk.

Key findings highlighted that the severity of depressive episodes, psychiatric comorbidities (such as anxiety), functional disability, and loneliness are critical factors that increase the risk of suicide. Additionally, individuals with recurrent depressive episodes or early-onset depression exhibited greater vulnerability.

The review also evaluated the effectiveness of various interventions aimed at reducing suicidal behavior in this population. Psychological treatments, such as problem-solving therapy, and pharmacological approaches, including antidepressants, demonstrated reductions in suicidal ideation, particularly when addressing factors like disability and emotional burden.

The authors emphasize the importance of comprehensive preventive strategies, including promoting social participation and effectively managing medical comorbidities. These measures are essential to improve the quality of life for older adults and reduce the risk of suicide.

Reference

Fernández-Rodríguez, V., Sánchez-Carro, Y., Lagunas, L. N., Rico-Uribe, L. A., Pemau, A., et al. (2022). Risk factors for suicidal behaviour in late-life depression: A systematic review. World Journal of Psychiatry, 12(1), 187-203. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.187